ТУРИСТСКИЙ КЛАСТЕР В РАЙОНЕ ТОННЕЛЯ "ВЕРХНЯЯ БАЛКАРИЯ"

DSTU - Don State Technical University

Project idea

Tourism is one of the important sectors of the economy in Russia and foreign countries, contributing to the development of infrastructure, increasing income and improving the standard of living of local residents. Attracting tourists is the main task, and architecture plays a significant role in this.
Architectural structures serve as a magnet for people due to their aesthetic and memorable composition of space. One of the effective tools for the development of tourism is such objects as tourist clusters. They cover a certain area where picturesque views and amazing attractions are located. The cluster may include hotel complexes, entertainment centers, restaurants, tourist routes, and other facilities that provide a comfortable stay in the area.
The advantage of tourist clusters in the mountains is, first of all, picturesque views with unique natural beauties. Here you can immerse yourself in the majestic atmosphere of the peaks, wild nature, diverse bodies of water, as well as the culture and attractions of the local people. In addition, the landscape attracts tourists from all over the world and creates favorable conditions for the development of tourism.
One of the picturesque places in the south of Russia is the tunnel in Upper Balkaria, located in the Cherek Gorge. It is not only an important transport point, but also an attractive area for travelers. The area is famous for its hiking routes and observation deck, which offers magnificent views of the surrounding mountains and gorge. For the successful development of tourism in the area of ​​the Upper Balkaria tunnel, it is necessary to create a tourist cluster that will unite infrastructure facilities, a hotel complex, a restaurant and entertainment areas.
The creation of a tourist cluster in a given territory can lead to a number of positive changes, such as: the development of unique architecture, the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage of the region, the exchange of experience and traditions, and the emergence of new jobs.
Thus, the creation of a tourist cluster in the Cherek Gorge area can have a significant impact on the development of the tourism industry in this region.
At the moment, despite the fact that tourism clusters have become a popular tool for the development of the tourism industry in many countries, there are still many regions in the world where this concept is not so widely developed.

Project description

The design site is located in Kabardino-Balkaria, namely in the Cherek Gorge area. It connects the city of Nalchik, Blue Lakes, many hiking trails, villages, local attractions and roads to ski resorts.
A characteristic feature of the territory is its location on a fairly active terrain. Access to the cluster is from the north side through a tunnel, or from the south from the Upper Balkaria settlement. Mountains accompany you from the west and east along the entire route. The serpentine runs along the very edge of a deep gorge, the height of the rocks in which reaches up to half a kilometer from the narrow bottom. The only sound that breaks the silence is the noise of the Cherek Balkarsky mountain river flowing along the bottom of the gorge.
The architectural project is a structure designed taking into account the natural environment and the comfort of visitors. At the entrance we are greeted by two bridges piercing the mountains: a cable-stayed pedestrian bridge and an aqueduct (arched) transport one.
The transport bridge provides convenient and safe communication, allowing visitors to easily reach the cluster. The pedestrian bridge creates an alternative route for walking and allows you to enjoy scenic views of the surrounding area. By overcoming them, you can get into the tourist cluster above the gorge.
The composition of the project includes two main volumes, united by a charabanc, elevators and stairs. The first volume includes the administration area, restaurant, food preparation, staff quarters, medical block, gyms, cinema hall and shops. The second volume consists of rooms for dining, cooking, laundry and technical parts.
A unique feature of the tourist cluster are the floating capsule rooms, equipped with modern amenities and technologies, providing comfortable accommodation with a minimum of space. There are a total of 75 cells in the project composition. 5% of which are allocated for people with limited mobility.
There are three types of capsules in the project, all of them are mobile, they can be removed and added to the built-in structure of the building. Single-capsule rooms are located in the northeast, double-capsule and triple-capsule cells face southeast.
Number of single-capsule rooms - 40
Number of two-capsule rooms - 25
Number of three-capsule rooms – 10
The production of cells is carried out at the factory, and installation on site using a crane; in difficult cases, a helicopter is used
This architecture implies that a building, like a living organism, does not stand still, but undergoes changes over time, including the replacement of entire structural modules.
Capsule hotels are modules with panoramic windows, equipped with a bed and a bathroom. node, lighting, sockets, ventilation, TV and Internet.
Staying in a capsule hotel in the mountains can be a truly unforgettable experience for those who value nature, peace and solitude. Proper planning and approach to organizing space can ensure comfortable movement and efficient service for guests.
To provide protection from rockfalls in the area of ​​the Upper Balkaria tunnel for the tourist cluster, a protective mesh is used: a metal structure is installed on the mountain slopes to hold stones.
The protective mesh is highly durable and resistant to stones and other adverse factors, which allows it to successfully hold rock debris and stones, preventing them from falling onto the road or tourist routes.
The creation of a tourist cluster in a given territory can lead to a number of positive changes, such as: the development of unique architecture, the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage of the region, the exchange of experience and traditions, and the emergence of new jobs.

Technical information

The building is constructed using a monolithic frame system with a grid of load-bearing columns of 500mm square section.
The frame-monolithic construction system involves using a frame of load-bearing columns, beams and slabs, and then pouring concrete into a monolithic structure. A grid of load-bearing columns with a square section of 500 mm provides the necessary strength and stability of the building. The square cross-section of the columns helps distribute the load evenly and provide optimal support to the structure. This construction system has several advantages, including high reliability and resistance to various loads, the ability to create a variety of architectural forms and structures, as well as a long service life of the building. In addition, the use of a monolithic frame system makes it possible to achieve high thermal and sound insulation of the building.
When constructing a tourist cluster in the Cherek Gorge, it is necessary to take into account the seismic activity of this area. The Cherek Gorge is located in a mountainous area, where there may be an increased risk of earthquakes, namely 9 points, for a flat area 8 points. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct ground and geodetic studies to determine the degree of seismic hazard and take measures to ensure the safety of the construction and operation of tourist cluster infrastructure facilities.
It is also important to take into account the possible geological features of the gorge, the presence of ancient underground water flows and other factors that may affect the safety and stability of constructed facilities. It is also necessary to comply with all building codes and standards, using earthquake-resistant materials and technologies.
It is also important to provide access to emergency evacuation and provide training for staff and visitors in emergency situations, including earthquakes.
Before starting construction, it is necessary to obtain all necessary permits and conduct a mandatory examination of the project, taking into account seismic hazard. All these measures will help minimize risks and ensure safety both during the construction and operation of the tourist cluster in the Cherek Gorge.
Capsule hotels are modules with panoramic windows, equipped with a bed and a bathroom. node, lighting, sockets, ventilation, TV and Internet.
The production of cells is carried out at the factory, and installation on site using a crane; in difficult cases, a helicopter is used (Figure 2.3). Capsules are inserted into the reinforced concrete frame, thanks to which any composition can be created. There are 75 of them in the project, 5% of which are allocated for people with limited mobility.
The project includes two bridges: cable-stayed (pedestrian) and aqueduct (transport).
The transport bridge plays a key role in providing convenient and safe communication for visitors, facilitating access to the tourist area cluster. This is important for comfortable movement around the territory and ensuring ease of visiting.
The pedestrian cable-stayed bridge, in turn, offers additional opportunities for walking and enjoying the picturesque landscapes of the surrounding area. A captivating cable-stayed bridge can become an attractive attraction and allow guests to experience the special atmosphere of the cluster, interacting with nature and the environment.
The combination of these two different bridges enriches the area with a variety of architectural elements and functions, offering unique routes and opportunities for tourists.
It should also be noted that in addition to the fact that the transport bridge is supported on metal trusses, the building itself also has such a foundation.
Metal trusses are used in building construction due to their strength, lightness and ability to support heavy loads. Modern technologies and engineering solutions make metal trusses one of the most effective and versatile structures for construction in mountainous conditions.
It is important to note that such engineering solutions open up wide opportunities for the creativity of architects and designers, allowing them to create modern and aesthetically attractive structures. Metal trusses are highly adaptable to various operating conditions, and their lightness simplifies the process of assembly and maintenance of the structure.
Thus, the use of metal trusses in the design of a transport bridge and building ensures not only the reliability and strength of structures, but also makes it possible to create modern and functional architectural objects.
To provide protection from rockfalls in the area of ​​the Upper Balkaria tunnel for the tourist cluster, a protective mesh is used: a metal structure is installed on the mountain slopes to hold rocks.
The protective mesh is highly durable and resistant to stones and other adverse factors, which allows it to successfully hold rock debris and stones, preventing them from falling onto the road or tourist routes.
Such protection measures are especially important in mountainous areas where the risk of rockfall is increased. Installing a protective net on mountain slopes helps prevent dangerous situations and ensure the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians. At the same time, this engineering solution also helps to preserve the environment and reduce the negative impact of human activity on the ecosystem.
Thus, the use of metal protective mesh on mountain slopes in the area of ​​the Upper Balkaria tunnel demonstrates effective measures to ensure the safety and sustainability of infrastructure in mountain conditions.