Дизайн-проект реконструкции 2-хэтажного здания с использованием быстровозводимых легких конструкций(гибкий этаж)

South federal university

Project idea

One of the urgent problems of the activity of universities as cultural institutions is the organization of a working space for internships outside of educational activities. There are no student places for advanced training, as well as further education. This directly affects their sphere of production and labor activity. Designing additional premises for additional education centers will allow young people to get new impressions, emotions, and also gain new experience. According to outgoing data, practice in such an environment shows that the most attractive forms of youth are new sensations, new discoveries, and knowledge. It is necessary not only to know the cultural needs of modern youth, to anticipate their change, but also to be able to respond quickly to them, to be able to offer new forms and types of activities.
Thus, an important condition for the organization of additional square meters is the ease, quick erection of a prefabricated structure, consisting of a metal frame and flat linear elements (sandwich panels, aluminum and steel profiles), which will allow building structures from them in the shortest possible time and organizing new ones. spaces for youth. The special design of the upper flexible floor allows you to choose a free layout, where each room will already be organized depending on the requirements for the functionality of the room.
The role of WorldSkills in modern higher education is growing. WorldSkills is an international non-profit association whose goal is to raise the status and standards of vocational training and qualifications around the world, popularize working professions through international competitions around the world. Founded in 1946.
Today, 80 countries, including the Russian Federation, participate in the activities of the organization. The North Caucasian Federal University, in order to implement the standards of professional training and qualifications, as well as to popularize working professions, has joined the international movement WorldSkills Russia.
Vocational training, as well as its constituent part, is a center that enables the young generation to form and develop their creative interests and needs. The student seeks to usefully realize his free time. That is why he comes to the centers of additional education.
Here, the activity of this social institution is aimed at providing the individual with the opportunity for self-realization, self-determination, self-actualization, as well as the ability of self-development and self-education, which serves as an important process of social education of the younger generation.
The relevance of the project lies in the fact that the upper flexible floor makes it possible to organize additional square meters for new premises for WorldSkills Russia in the areas of cooking and construction. And at the same time, in this project, the facades of the college of the Pyatigorsk Institute and the dining room are being reconstructed.
Therefore, it is very important to correctly and competently develop a modular system of collapsible equipment to provide optimal conditions for providing the Faculty of Engineering with additional premises.

Project description

At the end of the twentieth century there was a scientific breakthrough in the field of metal structures. To reduce the seismic load of existing residential and office buildings in the laboratory of the Armenian Institute of Building and Architectural Research, the first experiments were carried out with light metal structures, called "Flexible top floor" (author's patent N 1574776, authors: B. Koreniev and Z. Khlgatyan)[ 8].
"Flexible top floor" is a term adopted in the practice of earthquake-resistant construction. It is one of the most efficient, reliable, rational and low-cost ways to ensure the proper level of seismic protection, both for newly constructed facilities and for the reconstruction of existing buildings. At the stage of architectural and design projects, flexibility in the layout of buildings and structures can be added to this term in terms of free spaces, freed as much as possible from the load-bearing elements of the frame.Such a flexible (free layout) is achievable on the basis of a square grid of columns, where the span and step of the supporting structures become universal, interchangeable, in both orthogonal directions. The square grid of columns provides the most optimal support conditions for space-bar structural structures, including cross-truss systems.
Truss structures, including cross-trusses, become especially rational when their main structural material is rectangular shaped pipes (bend-welded profiles). In a number of cross systems, a module (block) of a covering (floor) from cross trusses of the Pyatigorsk type (author's patent No. 2010139770 A. S. Marutyan, M. B. Grigoryan, S. I. Ekba)
Modules "Pyatigorsk" belong to the industry of light metal structures of complete delivery, which this year (2022) turns 50 years old. The Kislovodsk module became the firstborn of the industry, having outpaced the appearance of the industry by half a year. For the manufacture of Pyatigorsk modules, the technology of cold metal processing is used, which is waste-free (all shavings, trimmings, sawdust, etc. are carefully disposed of in the form of scrap metal) and environmentally friendly for resort cities. At the same time, these technologies are science-intensive, provide jobs and require highly qualified engineering personnel.The Pyatigorsk module has a universal technical solution with the same success, implemented in modular, prefabricated, prefabricated construction, in relation to buildings and structures for various purposes (industrial, warehouse, residential, retail, office, etc. objects), both newly built and and newly reconstructed. The efficiency of the Pyatigorsk module can be significantly increased by using, along with rectangular pipes, pentagonal, triangular, round, oval, flat-oval, semi-flat-oval and other cross-sectional shapes. Due to their compact dimensions (usually 6×6…12×12 m) they can be made all-welded. According to the original technology, when the process started in the workshop is transferred to the construction site in the design position due to compact welding equipment, as well as the high qualification of those who work on it [7].
Significantly reduces man-made, fire and other risks by replacing welded joints with bolted fasteners. The Kislovodsk plant of metal structures is distinguished by a high culture of manufacturing bolted joints, which is ready to prepare and conduct control tests of a pilot-industrial sample of a modular design with a nodal connection of cross-trusses of the Novokislovodsk type

Technical information

When creating a design concept for a light metal structure, it is necessary to calculate in which season the loads will work maximum, namely, wind and snow loads at the designed facility. Since the territories are most effective in winter and early spring, one should rely on the climatic conditions of these seasons, where the minimum temperatures occur in January, February and March.
In connection with the introduction of SNiP 11-781 since 1982, the estimated seismicity of the territories of the cities of the Stavropol Territory has increased: for the cities of Mineralnye Vody, Nevinnomyssk and Novopavlovsk - by 2 points; for the cities of Georgievsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk and Stavropol - by 1 point.
The degree of seismic hazard A, B and C corresponds to the probability of 10%, 5% and 1% exceeding the seismic intensity of 6, 7, 8, 9 and >= 10 points for 50 years. The same estimates reflect a 90% probability of not exceeding the intensity values ​​indicated for the points during the following time intervals - 50 (A), 100 (B), and 500 (C) years [6].
They also correspond to the frequency of such shocks at each point, on average once every 500, 1000 and 5000 years. In Pyatigorsk, A=8, B=8 and C=9, which means that seismicity is higher in this city, so designing a flexible top floor on an existing structure is one of the most urgent solutions to the problem in the field of building reconstruction.
The city has a temperate continental climate. The number of sunny days in a year is 73. The wettest season is winter. Humidity during this period reaches 80%.The normative load is the largest load corresponding to normal operating conditions, taken into account in the calculations for the 2nd limit state (for deformation).
The design load is the product of the standard load and the load safety factor. This coefficient takes into account the possible deviation of the standard load in the direction of increase in an unfavorable set of circumstances. For a snow load, the load safety factor is 1.4 i.e. the calculated load is 40% more than the normative one. The design load is taken into account in calculations for the 1st limit state (for strength). In the calculation programs, as a rule, it is the calculated load that is taken into account.
Pyatigorsk belongs to type 2 in terms of snow cover, where the standard load is 100 kgf/m2, and the design load is 140 kgf/m2. This means that there is often heavy rainfall. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in May-June. Atmospheric low pressure - 710-735 mm Hg. Art.
In winter, cold winds bring fog here. Wind load refers to the long-term effect of wind on the structure of the building, including the hangar. The strength of wind flows, including its peak values ​​in gusty winds, exerted on the walls and roof of the building, must be taken into account when designing. The normative value of the wind pressure in the city of Pyatigorsk belongs to the 5th type and is equal to 60 kgf / m2. It is also important to take into account the facts of the winter period in order to choose the right building materials for covering and overlapping the structure and the timing of implementation. Consider the season.Winter in the city in recent years is accompanied by frequent ice and severe frosts. The peak of winter activity is in February.