DISASTER RESILIENT SHELTER

Project idea

The project proposal is to construct a community resilience shelter against floods/cyclones in pentakotta, puri, india, to provide private and safe locations for individuals to dwell who have evacuated or lost their normal lodgings as a result of the cyclone/tsunami.The purpose of the shelter is to offer emergency refuge for disaster victims, to assist them in recovering from the shock of the disaster, and to serve as a base to begin the rehabilitation process.The goal is to create a sustainable shelter that can support a large community of around 200 people while requiring little maintenance, with a short construction time, a flexible design, and a low cost.
This project would be seen as a time-sensitive, low-cost building system that would be a suitable option for cyclone-prone locations while also supporting the community's native communal values in order to familiarise and progress with the new site and system.
The location is in pentakotta, puri, orissa, on the east coast of india, next to the bay of bengal- a tsunami-prone area of orissa with a long history of violent cyclonic storms killing hundreds of inhabitants. It was decided to be located within the community area so that the community could reach it without assistance during the need hour.Pentakotta is a fishing town that is home to the nolia fishing community. The bulk of the community lives in decaying 'CUCHA' cottages along the seashore that are prone to flyoff during storms.
The location is approached by a cucha road, which prohibits the passage of large vehicles, so it can only be accessed by foot or two wheelers, thus the building is limited to a minimum by using locally available materials and using debris from neighbouring fallen houses.The GRIHA rating concepts of sustainable site planning, energy efficiency, water management, waste management, occupant comfort, and local materials were applied to the project.

Project description

Concept
Because it is a communal shelter, the notion derives from the word community as "a project for people-a house for community." The community should approve of the proposal. People who belong to the fisherman community prefer outdoor life to indoor living. The community of fishermen's interacting characteristics include close-knit living with plenty of room for public gatherings, which should also be part of the local socio-cultural milieu. Only when local people are involved at all phases of the building and maintenance of cyclone shelters will they be able to recognise the visually pleasing and functionally effective cyclone shelters as their own and put them to use all year.
Cyclone shelters are frequently utilised for a short period of time during natural disasters such as cyclones, tsunamis, and floods. The sustainability of cyclone shelters is dependent on their use and upkeep during the remainder of the year when no natural disasters occur. As a result, in the absence of a calamity, the shelter serves as a primary school.
Zoning
Separate places for various genders are included to meet social problems (alternatively, families with young children). Inclusion of different communal areas, such as a multipurpose hall, shared dorms, and gathering semi-open balconies, to allow the community to engage with varied user groups. A bathroom facility, drinking water supply, valuables storage, and emergency food and cooking supplies are provided as minimum facilities. A distinct entry is given for food supply services, with a ramp to aid access, which is also accessible to the disabled. Three-story hall with evident connection between floors. There are separate rooms for healthcare treatment, labour and women's wellbeing, and so forth.
Climate
The climate of pentakkotta is warm and humid, with an average maximum temperature of 30.22 °C, a minimum temperature of 23.68 °C, and an average rainfall of 1392.5mm.
Throughout the year, the south and west façade get consistent and intense sun radiation. And because glare-free light is most abundant in the north, inhabited areas such as dormitories, dining, women wellness are zoned on the northern side, the least used spaces such as toilets, storage are zoned on the southern side, and a triple volume multi-purpose hall is allocated to the west to block out the heat.
Passive cooling solutions reduce excess solar and heat intake for thermal comfort. The stack effect, for example, helps to minimise dusty breezes. The top opening acts as a ventilator, allowing the gathered hot air to escape. This continual airflow keeps the living space cool. Higher albedo materials/light colour paint that reflects are recommended for the roof to prevent heat input, as the roof absorbs around 40% of the heat entering the building. Triple volume atrium/multipurpose hall ensure that interior rooms are well-lit by sunshine. Making touch between the bottom and first floors. Allows for barrier-free air movement in interior locations as well. To prevent typical overhangs that are sensitive to cyclonic winds, use an egg crate shade mechanism. Shading devices protect the building's façade, limit heat gain, and lower the cooling demand.
A water plan is implemented, which guarantees that rainwater collection meets 50% of bathing and washing requirements and waste water treatment meets 85.9% of sanitation, public usage, fire demand, landscaping, and other needs. Solar energy is collected. According to available space, solar energy may create 20.2 percent of the electricity, with the remainder coming from municipal power lines.
Proposed landscape measures
Proposed landscape improvements include resilient landscaping and sustainable drainage, including permeable pavements and walkways. Floodable rain gardens are envisaged for the site's periphery, which will not only control runoff but will also mitigate the effects of floods. The water is returned to the storm drain system in stages via a 'under drain,' which is a perforated pipe put along the bottom of the filter bed. Resilient tree shelterbelt that can endure major cyclones/floods, re-grow even after damage, and adapt to changing climatic circumstances.

Technical information

Building shape preferred is rectangular shapes with rounded exterior edges to improve the structure's aerodynamics. To deal with wind impacts and balance out the total loads, the design is kept symmetrical. The building is lifted to surmount a 2.1 m flood plinth. To eliminate sloping roof projections, which are subject to flyoff during cyclones, the roof is kept level.
To make the inside more comfortable, a rat trap bond arrangement is recommended for the outside walls, with the hollow between the bricks filled with insulating material. To deal with the pressure caused by high velocity cyclonic winds, steel reinforcing was added to the windward wall (southern wall). Used because it has a cheaper construction cost, less material requirements, and a higher thermal efficiency than a typical brick wall without sacrificing the wall's strength. External walls will be exposed white putti work for better light reflectivity, lowering heat gain and the cost of cladding or painting. It also excludes the use of VOC paints.

Documentation

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