E.T.C.R. BIUTÁ Espacio Territorial de Capacitación y Reincorporación para los actores del posconflicto en el municipio de Viotá

Universidad La Gran Colombia

Idea projektu

Based on the signing of the peace agreements in 2016 by the Colombian state and the F.A.R.C. warfare specific conditions were established between both parts for the ceasefire and the resumption of incorporation into civilian life. Among the previous agreements, the implementation of some E.T.C.R (In Spanish: Espacio Territorial de Capacitación y Reincorporación), also known as: Territorial Space for Training and Reincorporation, which would have a special character by providing elements that would allow ex-combatants to have a gradual return to social life.
Now, it is necessary to point out that the lack of consolidation of the reintegration plan for the demobilized in the E.T.C.R. located in different municipalities, have not fulfilled the expectation that the government raised based on the peace agreements, this has generated an ambience of uncertainty for the thousands of demobilized who have not yet received their different guarantees according to what was agreed , among them, is the technical training for the performance of a trade that allows generating the correct transition to society, the above has arisen due to the lack of willingness of the state to grant economic resources, which is destined for training , infrastructure and subsidies and non-compliance has generated an ambiance of uncertainty and doubts on the part of the reinserted community, due to discrimination, lack of guarantees and the possibility of deserting the agreements forming dissidences.

The poor living conditions have caused overcrowding in the E.T.C.R. (housing), in addition to the inappropriate use of the training workshops. On the other hand, the very poor accessibility, the lack of landscape development and the lack of basic services make the problems go beyond infrastructure and even logistics, the organization has been very poor, to the point of being inconvenienced in territorial planning by legal entities.
According to the problematic presented, the problem question leads to inquire about a justification and it started from a question based on the development of the execution of the peace agreements from the perspective of architecture, it is a commitment that motivates and questions understanding how a conflict has developed and worse, how it has remained in force for so long without having the intention of establishing order until recently (2016), and even more incredible to see how a municipality located just 86 km from the capital of a nation has been hit by so much violence.

Popis projektu

Architecture is part of the post-conflict of any place in the world, not only for its ability to project, edify or build, but for its ability to create adaptability and generate new ways to unite and encourage progress, that is why being a topic of global interest, it is important that architecture emphasizes how to anticipate this type of situation and generate a possible solution at the time of presentation, seen from all kinds of scales as has happened throughout history, observing situations of post-war in europe where it has been reduced to a stage of chaos but with a rebirth of these countries with great fury or armed conflicts in africa that have allowed their conditions to gradually transform.
Of course, to address the project in coherence with the theme, three concepts were investigated, which would cement the proposal from its social to the architectural part, the first general concept was "post-conflict architecture" in which architects from the relevance of Daniel Libeskind or Peter Zumthor speaking of architecture as a symbol of emotions, among others, the second concept worked on was "Rurality" in which Rem Koolhaas was found as a prominent author, who exposes the importance of rurality today along with agronomists and environmentalists and the third concept handled was "equipment", at this point the architect Francisco Ramírez or the renowned brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire stand out, highlighting the value of education as an activity that provides freedom and development.
On the other hand, the place of intervention is the municipality of Viotá, which has a historical parallel of violence with the municipalities chosen in the first instance for the E.T.C.R and that was not taken into account for the implementation of one of these spaces. And it is precisely history that gives an endorsement to take into account Viotá, being a municipality of military actions, executions, protests and others.
It is important to highlight that the project is conceived from a broader perspective, that is, it is approached thinking of it as an element that can tie the province of Tequendama through strategies that connect, revitalize, combine, among others, providing greater functionality to the same, given that implanting an architectural project in the middle of nowhere in a rural area would lose all the benefits that the project has, that is, the plus of the architectural object disappears and would become something in a geographical point which loses all the validity.
It is for this reason that behind the entire process of collecting information, analysis and diagnosis, the adaptation of an architectural project is proposed through specific stages by scale, which is complemented by urban and rural interventions in the province of Tequendama, the municipality de Viotá, the urban center and a nearby area of expansion.
E.T.C.R. BIUTÁ is a project that is proposed in 24.7 hectares which in turn have been subdivided into specific areas thanks to two bodies of water that were used as limits in the composition of the lot for housing, training and education, commerce and services with focused characteristics. to the social problem of peace recently implemented in Colombia, in other words, the construction of peace is not based solely on the ceasefire by two sides, it begins with the aforementioned step, but it is necessary to emphasize that the peace symbolizes beyond an environment of tranquility, serenity or zero hostilities, the search for opportunities to improve the quality of life, access to education, health, stability, social progress and inclusion. Opportunities that can be provided through the tools of architecture.
E.T.C.R BIUTÁ proposes to grant 100 housing units each of 155 m2 to house an average of 400 people who are looking for a new opportunity in society, in addition, the option of training in an educational equipment of 10.000 m2 for a capacity of 700 people per educational day with sophisticated classrooms, laboratories, auditorium, library, social areas and other facilities that allow modern learning, which leads us to deduce that there will be more than 1,800 people who will not reoffend in any type of warfare dissidence or who will leave their lands in search of a better future and on the contrary based on the training offered at the E.T.C.R. Biutá will technify and take agro-industrialization to the next level in the scales of food production where the production of 80 tons of agricultural products is expected, among which coffee, avocado, cocoa, banana, mango, orange, corn stand out, both for supplying and commercialization.
Finally it can be concluded that E.T.C.R. BIUTÁ is the answer to a need for stability, training and subsequent successful reintegration by the community, both post-conflict actors and users who want training, which in a way allows users with very diverse profiles to gradually interact and relate, generating a inclusion environment. The process of social reintegration begins from the conception of the idea of the E.T.C.R. as well as its different stages, this is based on the proportion of infrastructure for social consolidation and its fabric, equipment designed for training development through education and different trades, equipment for food and economic production, income generators, houses designed under local conditions, native materials, designed for the user and their interaction, large extensions of public space for the enjoyment and contemplation of the landscape design, in the same way crops for agricultural practice, incentive for local development and supply that allows having a self-sustainability of the project.

Technické informace

E.T.C.R. BIUTÁ is a proposal that is projected with local materiality, we understand that the technological/constructive component of a project finishes to consolidate the identity of the architectural object with the place combined with the practicality at the moment of building, for such reason it has been thought that the housings have Compacted Earth Blocks (B.T.C.) as part of a sustainable strategy, the surrounding buildings as well as the educational equipment were projected through a deep foundation with reinforced concrete piles, the steel structure by means of IP profiles which help to save large distances, the divisions in light walls which helps to reduce the loads of the building and as part of the enclosure has been implemented the use of panels in guadua with a dual function, on the one hand as an element of solar control and on the other the aesthetics of the project and the identity of the project itself.

As part of the financing of the project, the team that integrates this commission is headed by the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia, FONDOPAZ, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Culture and the different entities at the municipal level.